Academic Degrees
The first universities were founded on Europe in centuries XII and XIII. Education carried out it, like in other professions, people properly described. Of the same form in which a carpenter obtained the condition of masterful carpenter when its league saw it described, a professor became teacher when its league gave the license him of its profession.
The candidates who completed three or four years of study of texts prescribed in the Trivium (grammatical, rhetorical and logical), and that passed the examinations lead by their teachers, they received the bachelor rank. A degree was then a passage in the way to become a described teacher – of “the graduated” word there, based on Latin gradus (“step”).
Nowadays the terms masterful, doctor and professor mean levels different from academic profit, but initially they were equivalent. The University of Boloña in Italy, considered oldest of Europe, was the first institution in in the last granting the title of Doctor in Civil Law years of century XII; also it granted similar degrees in other matters, including the medicine. Nótese that nowadays in medicine is only applied the term of doctor for the students who have completed their first level of academic formation.
The University of Paris used the term masters for graduated his, practical that it was adopted by the English universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
The names of the degrees possibly tied with the studied matters. The students of the faculties of arts or grammar were known like teachers, but those in philosophy, medicine and laws were known like doctors. The doctor degree assumed a position greater than the one of the teacher degree, since the study of the arts or the grammatical one was a prerequirement necessary to study philosophy, medicine and laws. This lead to the modern hierarchy in which more the title of Doctor in Philosophy (Ph.D) is an advanced degree than the one of Teacher in Artes (M.A.). The practice to use the term doctor for all the advanced degrees was developed in the German universities and it extended everywhere.
The French terminology is related close by to the meaning original of the terms. Baccalauréat (cf. loquacious) confers the French students who have completed successful their secondary education and serves to enter the university. When the students graduate as the university, a license is granted to them, which is very similar to which a professional league had done, and it qualifies them to teach in institutions of secondary education or to continue its studies.
In Germany, the doctorate still is the greater granted degree; additions to the title that specify the study area, like Dr.rer.nat can be included. (Doktor rerum naturalium) in natural sciences and Dr.Ing. (Doktor-Ingenieur) in engineering.
In Europe the degrees through the Process of Bolona are being harmonized, that is based on the hierarchy of three levels (Loquacious, Máster, Doctor) that is used at the moment in the United Kingdom and the United States. This system is gradually replacing the system of two levels that is used in some countries.
Types of academic degrees:
These are some examples of specific degrees. More information to see the article on the general term.
Associated degree of (the United States): AA, AS
Degree of foundation (United Kingdom): FdA, FdEd, FdEng, FdMus, FdSc, FdTech
Degree of bachelor: BA, BS, BSc, BFA, BCL, LLB, MB, BChir
Degree of Masters: MA, MSc, MS, MPhil, MRes, MFA, MTh, M.Div., MBA, MESci, MGeol, MTCM, MPA, MPAff, MPM, MPP, LLM, MEng, MSci, MChem, MPhys, MMath
Degree of specialty: EdS, B.Acc.
Degree of doctorate: PhD, EdD, EngD, DNursSci, JD, DBA, DD, DSc, DLitt, GIVE, DMA, DMus, DCL, ThD, PharmD, DPhil, SUNDAY, OMD, PsyD, DO, Md
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How to be A Success Online Student
Online degree programs are an excellent way for busy professions to gain advanced training and certifications either for the purpose of career path switch, job promotion preparation or just to enhance their working field’s related knowledge. However, not all online students will successfully completing their online program, maybe you can check on The University of Obama. A success or a failure of an online student in his learning program is affected by a few factors. Here are a few key elements that a success online student must have:
Time Management
One the key advantage of online degree program is it allows you to plan your learning schedule, at you own time and own pace. This key advantage of online degree program is also the key factor that cause many online student fail in completing their online degree program. Time management may be the biggest determination factor in succeeding at your online degree program.
You must be very proactive in your studies and take responsibility for your own learning, manage your time on your learning schedule, doing the assignment an constantly communicate with your professors and peers through online learning channel prepare by the school to solve your doubts and question of courses.
To master time management, first determine what time of day you think you will be most focused on your studies. Are you a morning person or a night owl? Do you concentrate best after a cup of coffee or after lunch? Once you narrow in on a time of day reserve a designated allotment of time to dedicate to your course.
Self-Motivated
Although getting your degree online does not mean that you are study alone because you still get connected with your professors and peers through online channels such as message board, chat, forum & etc, You won’t find the professor, or another student reminding you to get to work, stay on task, or turn your assignments in on time; hence, you must be self-motivated to be successful.
Read & Understand in Electronic Text Format
Some online learning materials are in audio and video format, but most of them still in electronic text format. Be an online student, you need to do a lot of reading in text format rather than hearing the lectures’ teaching. There are students who absorbed the knowledge faster with explanation in lecture hall, but to be a success online student, you need to be better in understanding the knowledge conveys in text format.
Place of Study
Some students need absolute silence while others can’t seem to concentrate without noise in the background. No matter what your preference is, a place that is free from distractions is recommended. If you can’t escape in-home interruptions, bring alone your laptop to library or a coffee shop. Schedule your designated study time when you can be in a distraction-free environment and your chances for success will increase and the time you need to devote to your course will decrease.
Seeking for Answers on Your Questions
Many online courses come with instructor support or mentor by an online lecturer so that students never feel lost or alone during the e-learning process. Don’t be afraid to ask questions, you can always direct inquiries to your lecturer.
Online chat rooms, if provided, are another great resource for you to seek for answers. Online chat rooms give students a forum to meet other students taking the same course and ask questions or discuss assignments.
To be a success online student, you must be able to utilize the online resources provided by the school to communicate with your professors, peers and get your questions answered.
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Taking Your First Online Class
Just a few short years ago, the idea of taking a college course through the Internet was something online “techies” considered. Now that people realize how convenience it is to take a class without leaving home, more and more people are taking advantage of using their computer to learn.
But while the technology used for online classes is so simple just about anyone can become an online student, you should ask yourself the following 5 questions first – and save yourself a lot of stress!
1) Do you have the time?
Many people think – mistakenly – that online courses are “easier” than traditional campus classes. But most online classes require regular participation. So, you must have the time to “log on” to your course several times each week, complete the assignments and do your homework, and interact with the other students.
All of this takes time…and, you have to account for the time you would normally have spent in the classroom. If you have the time, you will find taking an online class to be very convenient!
2) Do you have the discipline?
Sure, most online classes don’t require you to be on the computer at a specific time (although some do). So it is up to you to make sure you check in on your class several times each week. With a busy work schedule, sports, hobbies, housework, kids, it’s easy to put your class low on your priority list. And that could mean big trouble when it comes time to get your grade.
It’s not the teacher’s job to remind you to keep up with your work – that’s your responsibility. A simple way to make this work is to create your own schedule, so each week you know exactly when it’s time to “go to class”!
3) Do you have the money?
While there are many free or low-cost online “self help” courses available, college courses almost always cost the same whether you take them on-campus, or online. Colleges have to buy the software, train their faculty, and offer student services after hours – so expecting online courses to be less expensive is not reasonable.
On the other hand, the same financial aid is often available for online classes, just as with campus classes. So, money should not stop any student from furthering their education!
4) Do you have the right technical skills?
Fortunately, you don’t have to be a computer “genius” to take an online class. The technology has become very simple for students and teachers to use, so that students who can “surf the Internet” and use email usually have the necessary technical skills.
Before getting started, the school offering the course should have a sample course, tutorial, or other training to help you determine if there are any skills you need to learn, so you can become a successful online student!
5) Do you have the right computer equipment?
Since most online classes are taught through the Internet, students usually don’t need any special computer equipment. However, most online classes require students to have reliable access to the Internet, an email account (and the knowledge to use it), a word processor (such as Microsoft Word), and antivirus software. Check with your school to see if there are any other requirements.
A high speed internet connection is usually not required, but if instructors use graphics, videos, audio lectures, or other big files, a high speed connection (such as DSL or cable) will help you open the files, and do you work, more efficiently!
Are you ready now to take your first online class? Then it’s time to contact your local college, or search the internet for an online class directory, try to search on The University of Obama and see what online courses you can take!
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