Moral Development Theory

Article by Don Alexander

Kohlberg asserts that development occurs through six stages of increasing complexity, from what “might make right decisions” to the recognition of universal ethical principles. A lot of other theorists set out levels of criticisms against it. Kohlberg’s theory seems to be generally valid, and although males and females may analyze moral problems somewhat differently, neither sex is generally more competent at resolving moral dilemmas.

The development of moral actions, attitudes, and arguments is life long from the toddlers grabbing a toy and insisting “Mine!” to the elderly adult establishing a living will(Colby 1999). Early childhood development IS the time most moral behavior and development occur in moral reasoning

Lawrence Kohlberg studied the development of moral reasoning by presenting children, adolescents, and adults with a set of hypothetical stories that pose ethical dilemmas. The stories were carefully designed to allow Kohlberg to test how children conceived and reasoned about dilemmas. That involved the conflict between human needs and the value of human life.

Kohlherg found three levels of moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional and post-conventional, with two stages at each level. Certain answers children, adolescence, and adults gave, towards certain dilemmas, were said to he found at each stage. Preconventional puts emphasis on getting rewards and avoiding punishments. Stage one is Punishment and Obedience orientation–at this stage the most important value is obedience to authority in order to avoid punishment, while still advancing self-interest, Stage two is instrumental and relativist orientation–each person tries to take care of his or her own needs. The reason to he nice to other people is so they will be nice to you. Conventional puts emphasis on social rules. Stage three maintains that good behavior is considered behavior that pleases other people and wins their praise. Approval is more important than any specific reward. Stage four asserts that right behavior means being a dutiful citizen and obeying the laws set down by society. Postconventional in this stage puts emphasis on moral principles. Stage five shows that one should obey the rules of society because they exist for the benefit of all and are established by mutual agreement. If the rules become destructive however, or if one party doesn’t live up to the agreement, the contract is no longer binding. Stage six puts forth that general universal principles determine right and wrong. These values are established by individual reflection and may contradict the egocentric or legal principles of earlier reasoning.

A truly excellent teacher will manage their classroom with a variety of excellent techniques When one considers the validity of moral reasoning in the classroom, it is important to remember to treat every child the same, so that the children are viewing a moral model. Having a reward system that includes reasonable punishment is a rather huge benefit to the children. In every classroom there is a set of rules that every child needs to obey. If those rules are allowed to be broken, students will not he able to understand the moral climate of the classroom. It is reasonable to believe that for every action there is a reaction. When students disobey rules, there must be an applicable firm but positive reaction from the teacher. The teacher must come up with quick statements like: “How can I help you obey the rules Sally?” Again, a truly excellent teacher will initiate modeled moral reasoning through a variety of techniques in their classroom if they desire to increase student learning, moral development, and character.

Don Alexander, Published Writer & Online Business Mentorhttp://www.leading-online-business.com“Helping ALL to Succeed”










Question by tmureverwi: development theories seems to have entred a full cycle.Is this the case ?
What we have now is like a recycle of earlier theories. discuss this assertion with reference to the development of planning theory since the 1950′s

Best answer:

Answer by youngsocrates
I think even all of the previous theories were based on some type of theological, philosophical, or psychoanalytical ideas of the past. I see the modern applications taking into account the effects of the dual income home, as well as the development of the materialism in development. Stage theorists are being shoved out due to the more insurance company pleasing models in my opinion, and since Piaget and Erikson have not been the focus due to a lack of those truly wanting to pursue this in great detail. Just my opinion, hope you find what your looking for, if sop email me, I’d be interested in the answer!

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Posted by University Guide - December 26, 2011 at 5:49 am

Categories: Development Theories   Tags: , ,

Search for New Editor of Language Arts and From the Editor

Article by Willsimith

NCTE is seeking a new editor of Language Arts. In July 2011, the term of the present editors (Patricia Enciso, Laurie Katz, Barbara Z. Kiefer, Detra Price-Dennis, and Melissa Wilson) will end. Interested persons should send a letter of application to be received no later than August 7, 2009. Letters should include the applicant’s vision for the journal and be accompanied by the applicant’s vita, one sample of published writing, and two letters of general support from appropriate administrators at the applicant’s institution. Do not send books, monographs, or other materials that cannot be easily copied for the Search Committee. Classroom teachers are both eligible and encouraged to apply. The applicant Replica Breitling appointed by the NCTE Executive Committee will effect a transition, preparing for his or her first issue in September 2011. The appointment is for five years. Applications should be addressed to Kurt Austin, Language Arts Search Committee, NCTE, 1111 W Kenyon Road, Urbana, IL 61801-1096. Questions regarding any aspect of the editorship should be directed to Kurt Austin, Publications Division Director: kaustin@ncte.org; (800) 369-6283, extension 3619.

From the Editor(1)

There’s a lot of talk about “the real world” in this issue. Sometimes the idea of a real world is used as a club to beat teachers over the head. I’ll bet most of us have heard “Yeah, but you don’t work in the real world” more than once in our careers. (In my case, it tends to come from relatives.) I won’t respond to the charge here; please see the excellent responses in this issue’s “Teacher to Teacher.”There are aspects of the “real world” that teachers should take more seriously than we are required to. For example, if students lament that our teaching doesn’t seem relative to their lives and goals, we should listen. Effective teachers make sure students understand why they should take the trouble to learn what they’re teaching, and when the students don’t understand, these teachers make efforts to change that. For some students and for some English language arts material, this is a challenge, to put it mildly. But when students value what they are learning in class, they learn better.

One of the prime obstacles to teaching for the real world, as everyone reading this editorial knows, is the standardized exam. Such exams focus on basic skills of reading comprehension, recall and restatement of facts and formulas, and the ability to identify the assumptions of test-makers. If the relationship between standardized exams and real reading is distant, standardized exams and real writing don’t even speak to each other!

In a typical standardized exam situation, students write on topics that are rarely and only serendipitously of any interest to them, and they write to an audience that, by definition, knows more about the topic than they do. Worse, exam readers read primarily for mistakes (could there possibly be a more hostile reader than one who is looking for problems?), and they read the essays as quickly as possible be-cause (1) they are probably as bored by the topic as the students, especially after reading dozens of essays; and (2) they may be paid in a manner that encourages speed reading. Further still, the student writers have no choice about when they do their writing, and they are forced to write in a testing Breitling Replica Watches environment, which appears designed to make writers uncomfortable and denies them access to research and feedback to which any effective writer in the real world has almost unfettered access. Finally, the real-world purpose of a standardized exam is to determine a number (a test score) that will have real-world ramifications for the student. The relation of the score to the content of the exam can vary widely, and the increasing numbers of test-taking courses–in which students learn tips and tricks for succeeding on tests–prove that relation can be distant indeed.

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Question by youjustlostthegame: Critical Thinking and Language Essay?
I need help with an essay that I don’t completely understand. There are two parts. The first part I have completed, which tells me to take any aspect of my life and describe it using at least five metaphors (175-300 words). The second part says to address the follwoing questions, each of them I do not understand completely. They are

What role does language and language diversity play in the critical thinking process?

How does language empower or limit the expression of our thoughts?

What is the role of critical thinking in persuasion?

I need to use 700 to 1,050 words to answer each of these questions. All I need is a simple explanation of each question and how I could probably answer it.

Best answer:

Answer by g o
When we consider language, especially in America, we do so from a rather enthnocentric or Amerocentric view. Other languages have words that have no equivilant in English. Natives in Alaska have 13 words for snow, because as they experience it, there are 13 types of snow. For you or I, seeing this white stuff falling from the sky, we might say that snow is falling. To them it is not just snow it has more definable traits, such as size and moisture content (I’ve been there the snow can be very dry). So when we think, we think in the terms of our language which can be limiting as well as empowering. For a child without language there is only the self, the provider, and desire. As their ability to use language grows, so does their ability to interpret their experience. I hope this gives you a little heads up on the subject. If you need further reading check out cutural anthropology+language or linguistics. Good luck

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Posted by University Guide - December 25, 2011 at 5:49 am

Categories: Five Aspects Of Language   Tags: , , , ,

Why is Child Education So Expensive

Article by Naresh Jain

Children are the treasure for the world because when they grow they can contribute something valuable to India. Children learn a lot after joining school. They get familiar with the numbers, letters and shapes. Most importantly child learns to socialize with other children, share and contribute. Children who attend high quality school, they come up with better reading skills, rich vocabulary and strong math skills. Sometimes by the behavior of children people are able to recognize from which school they belong to. They learn basic etiquettes from the school with good social and behavior-management skills.

Parents have to pay lump sum amount as a fee for the child’s admission or just for securing the seat in a reputed school. School is the platform where child gain a sense of self, explore, play with the other child and build confidence. In school kids discover their potential and can get the ability to do anything from small task to big task. Schools with high quality education assist children locate answers through exploration, experimentation, and conversation. Kids are jewels in a crown, pride, joy and our future. Parents always wish to send their child in a good school. Now a day’s school provides so much of facilities that it’s obvious that education will be costly. After joining school child don’t have to hire any tutor they get everything under one roof like good guidance from teachers, learn manners including extra curricular activities.

There are many factors due to which kid’s education is costly. Facilities, property taxes, faculty salaries as well as the support staff required to run a school which is major expenses in a school. Delhi Public School which is in R.K. Puram is one of the reputed schools in India. It was established in 1972 in New Delhi and it is run by Delhi Public School society. It is CBSE School in Delhi and is the largest educational board in the country. It’s a co-educational day-cum-boarding school, with approximately 9,500 students. The goal of the school is to inculcate quality education to the students and a desire to do extremely well at every level. The school also aims at equipping the students with the intellectual and practical skills that are necessary to meet the challenges in the future.

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Posted by University Guide - December 24, 2011 at 5:48 am

Categories: Behaviorism Shape Education Practices   Tags: , ,

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